Small-Scale Farmers' Perceptions on Agricultural Co-operative Projects and their Role in Enhancing Food Security in Huye District, Rwanda

Abstract

Food insecurity represents a critical challenge to achieving the global Sustainable Development Goal of ending hunger by 2030. Key factors, including limited access to essential resources and services, hinder farm productivity, thereby exacerbating food security concerns. Agricultural co-operatives are globally acknowledged as central to improving farmers' livelihoods and food security. However, their potential remains constrained by inadequate infrastructure, insufficient inputs, and lack of technical support, among other challenges. This study examines farmers’ perceptions of Agricultural Co-operative Based Projects (ACBPs), specifically the KOAIRWA-Tubura project, in enhancing food security by improving access to infrastructure, inputs, and technical support. A cross-sectional research design was used to randomly sample 273 farmers in Huye District, Rwanda, to gather and analyse both quantitative and qualitative data. An ordinal logistic regression model revealed that access to farming inputs, infrastructure, and technical support are significant predictors of food security, with improved access reducing insecurity levels. Participants in the Tubura project reported, "During the Tubura project, seeds were always available, whether it was the farming season or not... we are grateful to the project for providing us with improved seeds" (KOAIRWA, July 2023). Focus group participants also noted, "Thanks to the Tubura project, fertilizers were very affordable due to government subsidies" (KOAIRWA, July 2023). The increased access to inputs has led to higher farm productivity and income, thereby improving household food security. Additionally, infrastructural improvements such as the rehabilitation of rural roads, enhanced irrigation systems, and the establishment of abattoirs, storage, and processing units have facilitated both on-farm and off-farm business activities, boosting income and food security. It is recommended that such initiatives be sustained and supported by Co-operative Promotion Authorities, co-operative societies, policymakers, and other relevant stakeholders to ensure long-term food security in the region.