Impact of Cooperative Reform and Modernisation Programme in Tanzania: A Literature Review

Abstract

Tanzania completed the Cooperative Reform and Modernisation Program (CRMP) from 2005 to 2015. This study assessed the CRMP's impact, its failures, and provided recommendations for improving future cooperative policies. Using a systematic literature review, data were gathered from secondary sources, including scientific articles and government reports, and analysed qualitatively through thematic analysis. The study found that CRMP significantly transformed Tanzania's cooperative sector by driving legislative reforms, improving governance standards, enhancing education and training, fostering technological advancements, and raising awareness of key issues. These achievements highlight the importance of strategic planning and collaboration in promoting sustainable development within the cooperative movement. However, governance challenges like embezzlement, legal disputes, and low educational levels among board members persist. The number of SACCOS and other cooperatives has declined due to inactivity, and power dynamics within cooperatives remain problematic. The study concluded that while CRMP was beneficial, the government should develop new policies to address the challenges that remain