http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/46 Tue, 07 Apr 2026 10:56:11 GMT 2026-04-07T10:56:11Z http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/2011 Type of Cooperative and Cooperation Among Cooperatives in Fostering Sustainable Development in Kenya Zachariah, Mburu M.; E., Ndichu The International Cooperative Alliance Cooperative principles number six of 1965 have significantly emphasized cooperation among cooperatives. Cooperative societies cooperate differently depending on the requirements of social, economic, and production processes. The type of cooperative determines the level of cooperation when creating cooperation with others due to operations, management levels, and economic setups. Cooperativism involves blending capital solicitation, labor mobility, technological empowerment, processing, production, and expertise exchange. This study examined how the type of cooperative influences cooperation among cooperatives for sustainable development in Kiambu County, Kenya. The scope entailed producer cooperatives registered in Kiambu County. The study used descriptive quantitative methods to examine the influence of the cooperative and its cooperation with other cooperatives on sustainable development. The independent variable was measured by establishing the value of cooperation, while the independent variable was attained by demonstrating changes in member incomes through dividends and price changes. The correlational research design was adopted to establish contributory properties of an independent variable, while a simple random sampling was adopted. A pilot study was done to measure the validity and reliability of the data collection instruments. Data collection was done using a data sheet distributed to all Cooperatives. The research was pegged on relational theory. Data obtained was extracted from audited published business reports of all registered Cooperatives by the end of 2023. It was put in SPSS version 27 and analyzed quantitatively using correlation, regression, and analysis of variance. Results showed that the type of cooperative society had a moderate correlation explaining the variance in sustainable development. This research finding recommends the adoption of more combined aspects of cooperation that will influence the working and results of cooperatives. Research findings called for the government to become more instrumental in integrating cooperation policies among cooperatives’ regulatory framework to intensify cooperation among cooperatives for sustainable development. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Co-operatives for Sustainable Development, organized by MoCU and CUK | 31 July – 02 Aug, 2024 Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/2011 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/2010 The Literature Review on Competence-Based Assessment in Tanzanian Primary and Secondary Schools Badi, Lwidiko; Maliganya, Willy An empirical review was carried out to explore competency-based assessment in Tanzania's primary and secondary schools. The study was guided by constructivism and social theory. It was a desk review whereby several empirical studies relating to competency-based assessment were reviewed to assess types, effectiveness, challenges, and strategies adopted to design improved competency-based assessment in primary and secondary schools in Tanzania. The study revealed that formative and summative assessments are the main assessments used in primary and secondary schools. Although diagnostic, evaluative, and placement assessments were important, they were rarely used. The study also found that the competency based assessment is effective because it allows the assessor to discover the learner's talents, design tailor made lessons to fit them and lead the individual learner to meet predetermined goals. The challenges for competency-based were achieving excellence, large class size, infrastructure for learning, assessment standards, and broad recognition and understanding. The study explored the strategies for competency based assessment criteria and determined that they should be clear, specific, measurable, and based on the expected performance levels for the job role and the organization. The study concludes that competency based assessment is reasonable, provided that the implementers know the goals and get appropriate in service training to fit the goals. The study recommends that assessors should apply all assessment types to identify talents and position the learners to where they fit, and also, a number of learners per class should adhere to enable a conducive learning environment. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Co-operatives for Sustainable Development, organized by MoCU and CUK | 31 July – 02 Aug, 2024 Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/2010 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/2009 The Conundrum of Business Development Services (BDS) on access to finance for SMEs Badi, Lwidiko; Ishengoma, Esther The study examined the influence of Business Development Services on access to finance for Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania. The study was conducted on private agricultural sector support (PASS) for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to access debt finance from formal financial institutions. Out of the 1000 SMEs listed from PASS, a sample of 278 SMEs were selected using the sample determination formula. Two hundred seventy-eight (278) questionnaires were distributed to SMEs, and only two hundred sixty-two (262) were returned and filled out. Data was coded in SPSS and analyzed using Standard multiple linear regression. The results indicated that BDS explained 8.0 per cent of change in access to finance. The beta coefficients of all independent variables were positive, which implied that a unit increase in training leads to an increase in access to finance by 0.102, and one unit increase in financial linkage leads to a 0.039 increase in access to debt finance and a one unit increase in guarantee lead to 0.167 increase in access to finance. The study concludes that guarantee contributes more to access to debt finance than financial linkages and training. The study recommends that BDS be provided conveniently and affordable to enable SMEs to access debt finance easily from formal financial institutions. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Co-operatives for Sustainable Development, organized by MoCU and CUK | 31 July – 02 Aug, 2024 Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/2009 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/2008 Sustainability of Worker Co-operatives in Africa, a Boston Consulting Group Matrix Based Literature Review Muthoni, Denis K. This study sought to examine the sustainability of worker co-operatives in Africa. This research adopted a desktop literature review research design. This study found that star worker co-operatives have the best potential for growth and shall be leaders in the industry, question mark worker co-operatives require huge investments in order to gain market share, cash cow worker co-operatives should focus on product development in order to retain high positive net cash flows, dog worker co-operatives are often liquidated, divested or trimmed. This study concludes that star and cash cow worker co-operatives are sustainable in the long run, the sustainability of question mark worker co-operatives is dependent on market conditions, while dog worker co-operatives are not sustainable. This study recommends substantial investment in stars to convert them into cashcows, adoption of appropriate strategies for question marks to convert them into stars, extensive marketing and product development to maintain the cash cow worker co-operatives in their present classification and divesting, liquidation or down-sizing of dog co-operatives. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Co-operatives for Sustainable Development, organized by MoCU and CUK | 31 July – 02 Aug, 2024 Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/2008 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z