http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/4 2026-04-07T11:02:33Z http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/2037 Protection of children’s rights to privacy in cyberspace: A bird’s eye view over the Tanzanian legal framework Joseph, Elias C; Mwakisiki, Mwakisiki E. Children’s privacy rights in cyberspace are essential aspects of today’s digital age. T h is is because children’s exposure to cyberspace is inevitable given its relevance in children’s communication, education, recreation opportunities and cultural exchange. Moreover, these rights underpin other important rights, namely, dignity, public participation, information access, freedom of expression and right to associate. The right becomes more pressing given an increase in children’s connectivity in cyberspace. Th is article focuses on unveiling the inevitable ever growing landscape of child exposure to cyberspace in Tanzania and the current and potential privacy risks associated with their navigation in cyberspace. The article also explores the legal and policy challenges, implications and eff orts to address these challenges. Th e study employs doctrinal analysis, archival research and case study methodologies. Appropriate human rights instruments of international nature were studied to situate the discussion to a broader perspective. Additionally, secondary materials such as government reports, surveys, reports from non-state actors and newspapers were used. The approach ensures a thorough analysis of the complex socio-legal issues surrounding children’s privacy in cyberspace. The study further employs a comparative analysis and bench marking of the existing legal and policy framework against international best practices and standards. T he purpose is to draw lessons from and to inform the suggested reforms in the law on minors’ privacy in Tanzania. The article underscores that, for children to peacefully access and exploit opportunities brought by the virtual world, a comprehensive legal and policy framework tailored towards protecting children’s rights in cyberspace becomes essential. Collective measures between actors are imperative in safeguarding children’s privacy rights in cyberspace. LLB (Mzumbe University) PGDLP (Law School of Tanzania) LLM (University of Iringa); josephbr945@gmail.com LLB (Moshi Cooperative University) PGDLP (Law School of Tanzania); mwakisiki. mwakisiki@mocu.ac.tz 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/2036 Right to privacy in mobile communication in Tanzania Joseph, Elias C. International instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, the International Covenant on civil and Political Rights 1966 and the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights 1981 require any limitation of the right to privacy of communication in any media including mobile communication networks to be backed by a general law that observes the principle of legality, necessity and proportionality. In a similar vein, article 16 reads together with article 30 of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977 requires the enacted laws to stipulate procedures, circumstances, manner and the extent this right can be restricted. Tanzania does not have a stand-alone law that regulates privacy. As such, the protection of privacy in mobile communication is left to the sector-specific laws whose primary purpose for their enactment was other than protecting users’ communication privacy. The analysis of the laws in Tanzania and international legal instruments has shown that, in absence of a robust and stand-alone law to safeguard privacy, interception of mobile communication under the sector-specific legislation(s) will continue to pose a threat to the right to privacy. Journal of Contemporary African Legal Studies: Volume 1, Issue 1, 2021, pp. 45-69 LLB-Mzumbe University, PGDLP-Law School of Tanzania, Practicing Advocate in Tanzania based in Kilimanjaro, LLM-ICT Law- University of Iringa. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/723 Disorders in developing countries’ legal and regulatory frameworks on protection of workers’ health and safety. Nkuhi, Mathias S; Benjamin, M.S Protecting workers from hazardous working conditions is a century old agenda. Of latest, the agenda has gained momentum because of an increase of workplace fatalities, injuries and diseases. Such an increase is global and the victims are none but the workers and their dependants. Laws and regulatory bodies are in place in many developing countries without so much help. The protection of Workers’ Health and Safety [(WHS) also Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)] in most of these countries is far from materialising. According to literature, the latter is significantly a result of serious disorders within legal and regulatory frameworks of these countries. The study identified wrong approaches to WHS protection; multiplicity of laws and regulatory bodies, scope and coverage of the working population; non-inclusion of critical workers’ rights; dominance of flexibility clauses and insufficient enforcement measures as amongst the critical disorders calling for urgent legal reform. The paper suggests ways forward in an attempt to seek reliefs to the toiling members of the working class. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.mocu.ac.tz/xmlui/handle/123456789/719 Freedom of expression on the internet and the law in Tanzania. Nolasco, Grace This article seeks to discuss some legal issues raised by the emergence of Internet as a new medium through which the right to freedom of expression is exercised. The legal issues that are discussed include freedom of expression in relation to the right to privacy, defamation and protection of children welfare, and freedom of expression regulation on the Internet from its generality. These are issues that call for a balance between them so as to enhance justice to all in a society. The discussion is based on Tanzania laws and other international laws that guarantee this fundamental right, and the laws that protect other rights which may be affected by the exercise of the former right. At national level, the laws discussed in this article include the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977 (as amended), and the Law of the Child Act, No. 21 of 2009 whereas those at international level include the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966; the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights, 1981; the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989; the United Nations Human Rights Council Resolution 13; and the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 59. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z